The steering of ion beamlets by aperture displacement in two-stage four-grid accelerators is examined using a model previously developed for single-stage three-grid accelerators with large acceleration-deceleration ratio. The analysis (which includes the second order effects of space charge and the effect of potential sag due to finite aperture radius) is shown to be in good agreement with experimental data from two-stage accelerators.
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J. R. Conrad (1980) studied this question.
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