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An ion optical system suitable for extracting dense ion beams from gas discharges is described. A study of the beam forming characteristics of the system was performed by using an automatic trajectory tracer with space-charge simulation. Experimental measurements show that the extraction system operates satisfactorily over a wide range of current densities; total mercury-ion beam currents in excess of 1 A have been achieved. An empirical method of estimating perveance as a function of geometry, based on electrolytic tank measurements, is in agreement with experimental results.
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Kramer et al. (1967) studied this question.
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