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China's sustained containment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has spared over 99% of the mainland of China's 1.4 billion people from exposure to and infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants for an astonishing two and a half years.Although the whole-of-government, whole-of-society containment effort has its own socioeconomic costs, the now-called dynamic COVID-zero strategy purchased a rare commodity -tranquil time with relatively little suffering and death from COVID-19 to develop and deploy tools for escaping the pandemic: diagnostics, vaccines, antivirals, and knowledge (1).During this two and a half years, China's vaccine industry developed, tested domestically, tested overseas, received regulatory approval, received the World Health Organization (WHO) emergency use listing, and produced over 5 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines for domestic and international use.China's immunization programs have vaccinated over 1.3 billion people, most with boosted primary series vaccination, protecting more than 90% of the population with the China-produced vaccines.With an overarching strategy of achieving broad and deep vaccine-induced population immunity strong enough to prevent suffering and death from COVID-19, there is precious little time left to finish the vaccination campaign (2).The last 10% in any vaccination campaign is the most difficult to reach, and in our case, the last 10% is also a critically important group to protect because the last 10% has an enrichment of people with comorbidities, many of whom are elderly and will suffer the most from COVID-19 if infected.A systematic review of the association of common comorbidities with severe or fatal COVID-19 shows that obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, kidney disease, and malignancy are risk factors, with obesity being the most prevalent and respiratory disease being the most strongly predictive (3).Because SARS-CoV-2 is not amenable to herd immunity from any of the current generation vaccines
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Rodewald et al. (2022) studied this question.
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