Acquiring a new diagnostic approach for aVWS

allow for more individualized and less toxic treatments in the future.10 Third, given that a large population of patients will still require HCT for cure, novel strategies to decrease regimen related toxicity, such as the development of personalized pharmacokinetic-guided dosing algorithms, are needed.The findings from Turcotte et al's 1 study are limited by the facts that the cohort stretches over nearly 3 decades and treatment of AML has changed substantially through the years.For example, in patients in this study who received HCT, one-third were autologous and nearly half received total body irradiation, neither of which are part of standard treatment today.Yet the longterm outcome data presented here are essential to our understanding of the late toxicity seen in AML patients and will be helpful in designing the next phase of treatment protocols.Ultimately, such protocols should optimize cure rates and long-term quality-of-life outcomes while reducing the risk of late effects.