The use of optical spectroscopies to study surfaces is hindered by the difficulty of disentangling bulk and surface contributions to the signal. According to Fresnel formulae, the s and p reflectances R of a semi-infinite system obey the simple relation Δ ≡ Rs2 — Rp = 0 when the incidence angle is 45°. Deviations from this result can be related to microscopic surface contributions to R. In this paper we study theoretically Δ for metal surfaces. For a semi-infinite flat jellium we obtain the contributions to Δ from electronic excitations at the surface. To explore Δ for non-jellium conductors, we apply a ‘Swiss cheese’ model to different surfaces of Ag.
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Maytorena et al. (1998) studied this question.
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