Ultrafine cellulose nanofibers, 5–10 nm in diameter, were prepared from oxidation of wood pulp using the (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO)/NaBr/NaClO process followed by mechanical treatment. Carboxylate groups on the surface of these nanofibers provide negative charges, which are very effective to adsorb radioactive UO 2 2+ in water, evidenced by static adsorption and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. The UO 2 2+ adsorption capability of ultrafine cellulose nanofibers was about 167 mg/g, which is 2–3 times higher than those of typical adsorbents such as montmorillonite, ion imprinted polymer particles, modified silica particles/fibrous membranes, and hydrogels. The high UO 2 2+ adsorption capability can be attributed to the very high surface-to-volume ratio, high surface charge density, and hydrophilicity of ultrafine cellulose nanofibers, which can be used as effective media to remove radioactive metals from radio-nuclear wastewater.
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Ma et al. (2011) studied this question.
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