Mesozoic Evaniidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in Spanish Amber: Reanalysis of the Phylogeny of the Evanioidea

One new genus and five new species of the family Evaniidae are described from the Early Cretaceous (Albian) Spanish amber of Peñacerrada‐I (Province of Burgos), San Just and Arroyo de la Pascueta (both in the Province of Teruel):Cretevania alonsoisp. nov.,C. montoyaisp. nov.,C. alcalaisp. no v.,C. rubusensissp. nov., andIberoevania roblesigen. and sp. nov. Taxonomic changes includeCretevania pristina(Zhang and Zhang, 2000) comb. nov.,C. exquisita(Zhang, Rasnitsyn, Wang and Zhang, 2007) comb. nov.,C. vesca(Zhang, Rasnitsyn, Wang and Zhang, 2007) comb. nov., andC. cyrtocerca(Deans, 2004) comb. nov., as a result of the reinterpretation of the generaProcretevaniaandEovernevania. The new well preserved specimens of the genusCretevania, together with the characters shown by the type specimens of the synonymized genera, give new information about their anatomical characters of taxonomical importance, and the genusCretevaniaRasnitsyn, 1975 is re‐diagnosed. The holotypes of the Russian species in amber have been revised. A cladistic analysis of fossil and extant groups of the superfamily Evanioidea is included.Cretevaniahad a wide palaeogeographic distribution, with the highest diversity known from Spain. The 13 knownCretevaniaspecies show a high interspecific variation mainly in wing characteristics, and a wide range of body and wing size.