Rates of mass transfer by free convection have been measured for spheres of three organic acids dissolving in three solvents, water, n‐butanol and benzene. The results fell into two groups, one in which flow is completely laminar and one in which turbulence had set in in the boundary layer. Turbulence appears to set in at N′Ra crit ∼ 6 × 108.
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Garner et al. (1961) studied this question.
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