Sugar/sugar derivatives in bio-oil can be effectively separated from aromatics via water/chloroform extraction. Subsequent acid-treatment in methanol converts the sugars into levulinic acid/ester and the sugar derivatives into fuel additives. Further extraction with CH2Cl2/CHCl3 could efficiently separate methyl levulinate and levulinic acid from other products.
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Hu et al. (2012) studied this question.
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