Efficacy of Myofascial Release in Improving the Flexibility of Erector Spinae and Thoracolumbar Fascia in Subjects with Chronic Low Back Pain—A Sonoelastographic Analysis

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is characterized by its diverse etiological factors. Scientific literature implies that fasciae might be crucial in the presentation of CLBP. Myofascial release (MFR) techniques are frequently employed within the realm of manual therapy and are found to reduce pain. However, studies investigating the structural and biomechanical effects of MFR findings remain limited. Purpose: This study aimed to determine and compare the effect of MFR and simulated MFR on the flexibility of the erector spinae (ES) muscles and thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) utilizing sonoelastography in individuals with CLBP. Methods: An experimental study was conducted with 40 individuals diagnosed with CLBP, who were recruited from the outpatient department of a tertiary-care hospital based on specified eligibility criteria. Participants were then randomly assigned to one of the study groups. Stiffness of the ES muscle and TLF were assessed through sonoelastography, while fascial thickness was evaluated via B-mode ultrasound. Pain intensity was quantified using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and lumbar mobility was assessed through the modified–modified Schober’s test. The statistical analysis was performed using an independent t-test with statistical significance established at p < 0.05. Results: The between-group analysis showed a significant reduction in bilateral ES muscle and TLF stiffness (p = 0.00). There was also a significant reduction in TLF thickness when compared to the simulated group (p = 0.00). Additionally, an immediate decrease in pain intensity (p = 0.00) and an increase in trunk mobility (p = 0.00) were found in the MFR group when compared to the simulated MFR group. Conclusion: The MFR group demonstrated immediate tissue changes, reduced pain intensity, and improved trunk mobility in comp