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Theoretical analysis reformulates unified force calculations using native quantum measurement units, highlighting distinct Casimir effect predictions.
Version 2.0 is a substantial modernization of the original Calculations of the Unified Force Theory as Explained in the Aether Physics Model. It reformulates the force calculations of the Aether Physics Model (APM) in native Quantum Measurement Units (QMU), separates physical ontology from dimensional and coefficient bookkeeping, and places the original unified-force calculations within the current QADI research framework. The paper distinguishes four inferential statuses used throughout the analysis: identities, ledger closures, imported geometric results, and empirical predictions. This distinction prevents algebraic identities from being presented as independent physical predictions while preserving the structural role of the QMU ledger. The native QMU base quantities used in the force analysis are ₑ,λC,Fq,e²,eₑₘₐₓ²\, with the propagation identity c=λC Fq, and Ledger One, Aᵤ\,curl=Fq²λC². Here curl is the dimensional QMU torsional quantity and is not Maxwell's differential curl operator. A central conceptual revision concerns the distinction between mass and Magnetic Charge. The Ligamen Circulatus (LC) is treated as the localized linear matter structure whose mass is a physical property. Magnetic Charge is instead a distributed Aether-connected structure generated through the participation of LC angular momentum in Aether conductance. For a particle species x, eₓₘₐₓ²=mₓλC²Fq\,cond. Thus mass and Magnetic Charge are linked through the same underlying matter organization but are not treated as identical geometrical objects or as independently localized point sources. The common Aether force scale is Gforce=mₐλC Fq². The gravitational, magnetic, and electrostatic force coefficients are then expressed as projections of a common Aether structure while retaining their distinct geometrical participation. In particular, G=GforceλC²mₐ², Aᵤ=GforceλC²eₐ², and kC=GforceλC²16π²eₐ². The electron magnetic-force scale at one quantum length closes as FM,q⁽ᵉ⁾=Aᵤeₑₘₐₓ²λC²=phtnλC²=mₑλC Fq², where phtn=mₑλC³Fq², and phtn=hc only when translated through the SI bridge. The geometrical modulus Aᵤ/kC=16π² is treated in this paper as an imported APM geometric result rather than as a new derivation. Version 2.0 includes a compact account of its loxodromic and dual-lattice provenance and directs the reader to the dedicated topological analysis for the full argument. The Casimir effect provides the paper's principal coefficient-level discriminator. In the phtn=hc convention, conventional ideal perfectly conducting plates predict FC/A=-π/480phtn/a⁴. The APM ideal-boundary hypothesis instead predicts FCAPMA=-1/16π²FM,q⁽ᵉ⁾(λC/a)⁴=-1/16π²phtn/a⁴. Therefore the competing ideal coefficients are CAPM=1/16π²,Casimir=π/480. Their algebraic ratio is CCasimirCAPM=π³/30, but Version 2.0 assigns no independent physical APM meaning to π³/30. It is not an inventory factor, holonomy correction, or adjustable residual. The APM coefficient 1/16π² is retained as a protected ideal-limit prediction. Real-material corrections may be required when comparing with laboratory measurements, but they may not be used as a free multiplier to force agreement with the conventional coefficient. The paper also provides an extended historical analysis of the Casimir calculation. Casimir's 1948 perfect-conductor mode-sum approach is placed alongside the earlier Casimir--Polder treatment of retarded matter interactions and later material-response and source-theory formulations. The historical analysis emphasizes that observation of a Casimir force does not by itself uniquely establish a zero-point-vacuum ontology; different physical formulations can reproduce closely related macroscopic phenomena. The APM proposal is therefore framed as a competing physical mechanism with a quantitatively discriminating normalization rather than as an algebraic modification of the conventional coefficient. Version 2.0 also explicitly supersedes an obsolete statement in the original paper concerning the neutron. The earlier description characterized the bound electron--proton magnetic orientation as repulsive. In the current APM description, both the bound magnetic orientation and the opposite electrostatic orientation are attractive. Detailed neutron geometry, nuclear binding, beta-budget closure, Aether field dynamics, and relativity tests are developed in companion QADI publications rather than repeated in full here. This revision therefore preserves the historical purpose of the original Unified Force Theory calculation while bringing its terminology, QMU dimensional structure, Magnetic Charge ontology, Gforce closure, bibliographic framework, and falsifiable coefficient claims into agreement with the current Aether Physics Model research program.
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Thomson et al. (2026) studied this question.