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Synapse
September 12, 2026Education + Training

Letting go of ghost ships and the longitudinal development of opportunity-cost fear among students in entrepreneurial teams

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Authors

CDColin DonaldsonAKAndreas Kallmuenzer

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Overview

Longitudinal study reveals that interpersonal conflict drives opportunity-cost fear in student venture teams, highlighting the psychological burden of misaligned collaboration.

Key Points

  • To examine the longitudinal development of opportunity-cost fear and assess how student perceptions of team alignment and conflict influence this anxiety during venture projects.
  • Conducted a longitudinal investigation using three matched survey waves across project milestones among entrepreneurship students (N=74).
  • Assessed student-level appraisals of venture team alignment, interpersonal conflict, and project quality using frameworks from appraisal theory and entrepreneurial emotion.
  • Opportunity-cost fear increased significantly over the venture project lifecycle, with the primary escalation occurring between Time 1 and Time 2.
  • Rising perceived team conflict between Time 2 and Time 3 was associated with significantly higher opportunity-cost fear at Time 3.
  • Improvements in perceived team alignment between Time 2 and Time 3 were associated with reduced final opportunity-cost fear in baseline specifications.

Cite This Study

Donaldson et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa51f83327956e4761f9ed2https://doi.org/10.1108/et-05-2026-0732
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