Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Modern trends in high-rise constructions are the use of high-strength hot-rolled section steels with improved impact toughness. The use of higher strength enables architects to use thinner sections and allows achieving a considerable reduction in the total cost of materials. Following the trends, the development of low-carbon steel with a minimum yield strength of 460 MPa has been studied. Alloying elements and process operating conditions were selected to increase strength, elongation, and toughness simultaneously. Two alloying elements, niobium and vanadium, were chosen to enhance strength and impact toughness. Thickness reduction per pass was controlled to perform excessive deformation below the austenite recrystallization stop temperature, and then accelerated cooling has proceeded to obtain grain refinement. Flow stress analysis and microstructure observation have been conducted to cross-validate the effect of precipitation hardening, along with material testing for the evaluation of the mechanical properties.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Koo et al. (2020) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: