Using the field-emission (FE)-induced evaporation technique, carbon-nanotube (CNT) caps with continuously varying radii from subnanometer to 2.5 nm are obtained on individual CNTs with a conical tip. It is found that 1 nm may be considered as a practical critical radius for the applicability of the Fowler–Nordheim theory for capped CNTs, and the maximum stable FE current is dominated by the CNT cap structure.
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Wang et al. (2008) studied this question.
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