Macrozoobenthos Communities of Springs and Streams of the Eastern Circum-Pontic Region

We use our original material, including 432 quantitative samples, to describe macrozoobenthic communities formed in springs and cave and epigean streams of the eastern Circum-Pontic region (Caucasus and Transcaucasia, Crimea, and northern Turkey). An annotated list of the species that were detected, including more than 250 taxa, is given. Bottom communities of 14 types are described. The regional peculiarities of the fauna and communities of the crenal, as well as their altitudinal and geographical variability within the region, are discussed.