Brain structural thickness and resting state autonomic function in adolescents with major depression

Figures

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  Fig. 1.. Measures of resting cardiac function by group and depression severity. Notes: HR, heart rate; RMSSD, root mean square of successive differences between adjacent R–R intervals in milliseconds; HF, high-frequency HR variability; CTR, non-depressed controls; MDD, major depressive disorder; CDRS, children’s depression rating scale; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; red symbols, female subjects; blue symbols, male subjects; open circles, MDD patients with current medication; squares, CTRL participants (in the illustration of BDI scores); refer to Table 1 for missing data; r values represent correlation coefficients and their 95% CIs from zero-order correlations.

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  Fig. 2.. Interaction of Cortical Thickness with Self-Reports (BDI) and Clinician Ratings (CDRS) of Depression Severity in Predicting RVA. Notes: RMSSD, root mean square of successive differences between adjacent R–R intervals in milliseconds; HF, high-frequency HR variability; RH, right hemisphere; BDI, Beck depression inventory; CDRS, children's depression rating scale; contour plots based on margins from regression analysis at selected levels of HF-HRV/RMSSD and cortical thickness; darker colors illustrate greater RVA; (A) left hemisphere lateral view; (B): left hemisphere medial view; (C): right hemisphere lateral view; (D): right hemisphere medial view; ROIs highlighted in red show a significant interaction with depression severity in predicting RVA. Note: For clarity the superior frontal gyrus is only highlighted in the lateral view; illustrated are predicted levels of the dependent variable (here RMSSD or HF) by different color intensities. Darker shades of red illustrate greater RMSSD or HF, respectively. Changes in RMSSD or HF are plotted as a function of the interaction between cortical thickness in ROIs (y-axis) and depression severity (x-axis) indexed by self-reports (BDI) or…

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  Fig. 3.. Interaction of cortical thickness and CDRS in predicting resting state HR. Notes: HR, heart rate in beats per minute; RH, right hemisphere; LH, left hemisphere; CDRS, children’s depression rating scale; contour plot based on margins from regression analysis at selected levels of HR and cortical thickness; darker colors illustrate greater mean HR; (A) left hemisphere lateral view; (B) left hemisphere medial view; (C) right hemisphere lateral view; (D) right hemisphere medial view; ROIs highlighted in red show a significant interaction with depression severity in predicting HR. Note: For clarity the superior frontal gyrus is only highlighted in the lateral view.