An existing dynamic, thermodynamic ice model is coupled to an existing bulk mixed layer model of the upper ocean. The model is applied to the seasonal evolution of ice in the marginal ice zone off Labrador. Ocean currents are prescribed. Daily atmospheric observations are used as forcing. The coupled model simulates the growth phase of ice and the evolution of the upper ocean temperature and salinity reasonably well. The results show that mixed layer deepening can account for the offshore ice extent. The southern extent of ice is influenced more by the meridional gradients in atmospheric heat flux and in ocean heat content. Lateral advection within the ocean is important in determining the southern ice extent.
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Yao et al. (1990) studied this question.
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