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The calculation of non normal tropospheric bending of radio waves is t r eatcd in terms of a reduced-to-sea-level value of the refracti ve ind ex.Tills method emphasizes d epartures of bending from t he ave rage bending for t he United States and cons ists of visualizing ray bending as consistin g of t wo p ar ts ; an" average" component and a" d eparture-from-average" compon ent .The "average" compon en t comprises most of the bending and is obtain ed accurately from refraction tabul ations while t he component du e to d ep artures is easil y obtaill ed by graphical means .
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Bean et al. (1960) studied this question.
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