A layered double hydroxide (LDH) mineral filler particle has been designed and employed in rubber vulcanization to prepare a more environmentally friendly rubber composite. The LDH delivers zinc ions in the vulcanization process as accelerators, stearate anions as activators and simultaneously the mineral sheets act as a nanofiller to reinforce the rubber matrix whilst totally replacing the separate zinc oxide (ZnO) and stearic acid conventionally used in the formulation of rubber. This method leads to a significant reduction (nearly 10 times) of the zinc level and yields excellent transparent properties in the final rubber product. The morphological characterization, rheometric curing behaviour, mechanical properties and uniaxial multi-hysteresis behaviours of the resultant rubber/LDH nanocomposite are studied in this paper.
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Das et al. (2011) studied this question.
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