Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation in Multi-electron Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by [Ru(bpy)(trpy)(CO)]2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; trpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine)

Controlled potential electrolysis of [Ru(bpy)(trpy)(CO)]2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; trpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) at −1.70 V vs. Ag|Ag+ in CO2-saturated C2H5OH/H2O (8:2v/v) at −20 °C produced not only HCOOH and CO but also HC(O)H, CH3OH, H(O)CCOOH, and HOCH2COOH.