A very simple and compact 12 GHz marginal oscillator employs a commercial Gunn device as both microwave source and detector. The sensitivity to electron spin resonance absorption (3×1012 standard spins) is comparable to that of a conventional homodyne bridge spectrometer. As a heterodyne detector of externally generated microwaves the sensitivity is ∼10−12 W.
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Walsh et al. (1971) studied this question.
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