Emerging inorganic solar cell efficiency tables (version 3)

This paper presents the third version of the Efficiency Tables compiling the record efficiencies of materials considered as emerging inorganic absorbers for photovoltaic (PV) technologies. The materials collected in these Tables are selected based on their progress in recent years, and their demonstrated potential as future PV absorbers. The first part of the paper consists of an overview of the current status of emerging PV materials. The second section details the inclusion criteria used for the different technologies presented in the paper, the verification means used by the authors, and recommendations for measurement best practices. The third part compiles the highest world-class certified solar cell efficiencies, and the highest non-certified cases (some independently confirmed). This section includes a brief state-of-the-art for the different classes of materials defined in the paper. The final part summarizes the main conclusions of this third version of Emerging Inorganic Solar Cell Efficiency Tables, highlighting the most relevant progress published in the last two years.