Performance characteristics of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with mono-(Al, Sm, Tm, Yb) and bimetallic (Ca:Al, Eu:Yb, Tm:Yb) cathodes are compared. It is shown that OLEDs with the Tm:Yb cathodes are the best of the studied devices in terms of the turn-on voltage, operating voltage, current efficiency, and luminance efficiency.
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Bochkarev et al. (2008) studied this question.
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