Getting Started with Minimally Invasive Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Is It Worth It?

BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the safety and cost of introducing minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD) to a surgeon's practice. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All MIPDs performed between December 2011 and July 2013 were compared with open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) cases by the same surgeon. The primary outcomes were mortality, major morbidity, and re-operation. Secondary outcomes were perioperative and oncologic outcomes and cost. MIPD include total laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (TLPD) and laparoscopic-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy (LAPD), where a small incision is used for reconstruction. Bivariate comparisons of outcomes were performed using nonparametric tests. RESULTS: In total, 44 pancreaticoduodenectomies were performed: 15 MIPDs (2 TLPDs and 13 LAPDs) and 29 OPDs. One death occurred in each group. Major complication rates were not significantly different (33% for MIPD versus 17% for OPD); however, there was a trend toward more re-operation after MIPD compared with OPD (20% versus 3%; P = .07). The incidence of pancreatic leak (20% for MIPD versus 14% for OPD), biliary leak (0% versus 7%, respectively), abscess formation (27% versus 14%, respectively), and intraabdominal hemorrhage (13% versus 3%, respectively) were not significantly different. MIPD achieved equivalent oncologic outcomes as OPD with 100% R0 margin and adequate lymph node retrieval. There was no statistical difference in median operative time (342 minutes for MIPD versus 358 minutes for OPD), length of stay (8 versus 9 days, respectively), operating room expenses (Canadian) ($7246.0 versus $6912.0, respectively), or total cost (Canadian) per case ($15,034.0 versus $18,926.0, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: MIPD and OPD had similar safety and cost in this introductory series. However, a trend toward a higher rate of re-operation for pancreatic leak suggests the need for caution in introducing this novel technique.