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Next to combination oral contraceptives (OCs), intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) are the most effect form of contraception available. IUDs require only one-time motivation, cause no systemic metabolic effects, and do not depend on continued action of the user for effectiveness. Risks, side effects and complications of this method, including expulsion, perforation pain, bleeding and infection, are reviewed.
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Louise B. Tyrer (1977) studied this question.
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