A group of 109 HIV seropositive and 51 seronegative intravenous drug users was evaluated for the presence of HIV-1-related neurologic disease using clinical, neurologic, neuropsychological, and electrophysiologic evaluations. About 80% of HIV seropositive subjects had less than two constitutional symptoms. CD4 cell counts were less than 500/mm3 among 56% of seropositive participants; three individuals were receiving zidovudine. Neurologic abnormalities were found frequently among the cohort, independently of HIV-1 serostatus; electrophysiologic abnormalities were uncommon. Participants from both serologic groups scored significantly lower on neuropsychological tests as compared with norms established for a cohort of homosexual men, and there was no clear association between HIV-1 serostatus and performance on these tests. This study suggests that HIV infection was not the dominant cause of neurologic abnormalities among the study cohort.
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Royal et al. (1991) studied this question.