Mechanism for improving the cycle performance of LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 by RuO 2 surface modification and increasing discharge cut-off potentials

RuO 2 particles on LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 sustainably consume F radicals leading to the formation of a stable SEI layer. This is the reason for improvement of the cycle performance by the surface modification with discrete RuO 2 particles in combination with setting discharge cut-off potentials to 4.5 V.