Electrodialysis (ED) has been used as a membrane technique to concentrate tartaric acid from ion exchange regeneration waters obtained in grape juice treatment. The initial ion tartrate concentration in these streams varies between 1 and 10 kg m−3 and can be concentrated more than 60% (53·2 kg m−3 after 13300 s). Permeate flux of other common ionic components has been shown. Optimum intensities and current efficiency have been calculated with synthetic solutions. A mathematical approach has been used to predict final tartaric acid concentration and electro-osmotic effects.
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Andrés et al. (1997) studied this question.