Aerosol measurements from the Halogen Occultation Experiment show stratospheric clouds over England on March 3 and 4, 1996. The measured cloud volume density profiles were compared to equilibrium volumes computed for nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and liquid ternary H2SO4‐H2O‐HNO3 aerosols. The measurements on March 4 are confidently identified as NAT, and isentropic back‐trajectories show that conditions were favorable for ice formation roughly 11 hours upwind of the observed cloud. These results support the suggestion that ice formation could be a necessary precursor to NAT nucleation.
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Mark E. Hervig (1999) studied this question.
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