MOG antibody-associated diseases

In the past few years several studies have consistently reported the presence of high-titer serum IgG antibodies to conformational epitopes of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in predominantly pediatric patients with acquired demyelinating diseases.1 Moreover, MOG antibodies seem not only to distinguish patients with clinically isolated syndromes or multiple sclerosis (MS) from monophasic or relapsing demyelinating events other than MS but also to be associated with a better prognosis. The inflammatory demyelinating disease subtypes in which MOG antibodies have been reported are monophasic acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), ADEM followed by episodes of optic neuritis (ON), multiphasic demyelinating encephalomyelitis, and recurrent ON. Most recently, MOG antibodies have also been observed in aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody–negative neuromyelitis optica (NMO).1–5