Ostracod Mg/Sr/Ca and 87Sr/86Sr geochemistry from Tibetan lake sediments: Implications for early to mid-Pleistocene Indian monsoon and catchment weathering

Lacustrine sediment serves as a valuable archive for tracing catchment weathering processes associated with past climatic and/or tectonic changes.High-resolution records of fossil ostracod Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios from a lake sediment core from the central Tibetan Plateau reveal a temporal link between lake-water chemistry and catchment weathering and distinct monsoonal oscillations over the early to mid-Pleistocene.Between 2.01 and 0.95 Ma, lake-water chemistry was dominated by a high proportion of carbonate weathering related to variations in the Indian monsoon, resulting in relatively low and constant ostracod 87 Sr/ 86 Sr but obvious fluctuations in Mg/ Ca, Sr/Ca and d 18 O.Across the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT), a significant increase in 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and frequently fluctuating ratios of ostracod Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and d 18 O are coincident with increases in both Chinese loess grain size and Arabian Sea lithogenic flux.This correlation indicates an increased glaciation and a strong monsoon seasonal contrast over the plateau.The increase in lake-water 87 Sr/ 86 Sr across the MPT highlights a change in catchment weathering patterns, rather than one in climate-enhanced weathering intensity, with an increased weathering of 87 Sr-rich minerals potentially induced by marked extensive glaciation and strong seasonality in the central plateau.