Identification of oligo(p-phenylene vinylene)–naphthalene diimide heterocomplexes by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy at the liquid–solid interface

Co-assembly of a melamine derivative covalently equipped with two oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) chromophores and a naphthalene diimide dye results in the formation of heterocomplexes at the liquid-solid interface which was shown using bias dependent imaging and scanning tunneling spectroscopy, despite the disordered nature of the assemblies.