Key result
Adrenaline, clonidine, and ketamine comparison for pediatric caudal analgesia yields no reported clinical results.
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No results reported to inform practice; leaves open the relative efficacy of these additives with caudal bupivacaine in children.
COOK, B.; GRUBB, J.; ALDRIDGE, L. A.; DOYLE, E.; Bell, Charlotte M.D. Author Information
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Cook et al. (1996) studied this question. Adrenaline, clonidine, and ketamine were compared for their effects on the duration of bupivacaine-induced caudal analgesia in children, but the abstract provides no clinical results.
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