We investigate the stability of long-wavelength, plane-polarized electromagnetic waves when the oscillatory energy of the electrons exceeds their rest energy. The strong electron-mass variation destabilizes electron modes polarized along the electric field of the pump →E₀. The electron and ion modes decouple in the presence of such an intense pump and hence the ions do not strongly influence the instability.
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Drake et al. (1976) studied this question.
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