CFDAgent with a general kinematics module: driving biological flapping flight simulation

Automating moving-boundary computational fluid dynamics (CFD), particularly for simulations of biological flapping flight, requires complex coordination across geometry, meshing, kinematics, and postprocessing. We present an enhanced CFDAgent, a large language model (LLM)-orchestrated platform that executes the entire workflow end-to-end through natural-language dialogue, spanning geometry intake, solver execution, and iterative figure generation. The agent features a general kinematics module that directly converts natural-language motion specifications or measured trajectories into the periodic body motion incorporated into the solver. We validate the platform’s accuracy and versatility against three distinct benchmarks: a rotating sphere, a flapping plate, and a slow-flying Pallas’s long-tongued bat ( Glossophaga soricina ) with deforming wings. Furthermore, we apply the workflow to investigate the aerodynamic effects of hindwing damage in migrating painted lady butterflies ( Vanessa cardui ). The simulations show that increasing hindwing trailing-edge erosion alters the wake vortex structures, resulting in progressively greater aerodynamic lift loss.