Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual incretin agonists on adipocyte type and size

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and dual incretin agonists have demonstrated significant potential in improving adipose tissue function beyond their established effects on appetite suppression and weight loss. These agents not only reduce overall fat mass but also induce favorable changes in fat distribution and adipose tissue quality. Notably, they enhance brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and promote the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), thereby increasing energy expenditure. They are associated with reductions in adipocyte size, particularly within visceral fat depots, alongside improvements in metabolic health markers. The aim of this publication is to provide a literature review on the effects of GLP-1RAs and dual incretin agonists on adipocyte type and size, adipose tissue functional remodeling, and their implications for obesity management. These findings highlight the capacity of incretin-based therapies to modulate adipose tissue biology, offering metabolic benefits that extend beyond weight reduction.