Trends and scientific developments in nanoparticle-based immunostimulants for aquaculture: a bibliometric approach

Aquaculture is an essential contributor to global food security, yet disease outbreaks and sustainability concerns remain major challenges for the sector.In response, growing attention has been directed toward nanoparticle-based immunostimulants, particularly those developed through algae-mediated and green synthesis approaches, as promising alternatives to conventional disease control methods.This study employs a bibliometric approach to explore research trends and scientific developments in this emerging field.Bibliographic data were retrieved from the SCOPUS database on 10 February 2025 using an intentionally broad search applied to the TITLE-ABS-KEY fields, combining terms related to algae, nanoparticles, green synthesis, and aquatic organisms such as fish and shrimp.To ensure analytical relevance, the initial dataset was refined through targeted metadata-level screening, retaining only studies that explicitly addressed nanoparticle-related applications in aquaculture health and immunity.After screening and deduplication, 1,086 research articles published between 2019 and 2024 were included in the analysis.Bibliometric analyses were conducted using the bibliometrix package in R to examine publication growth, leading journals and authors, international collaboration patterns, keyword co-occurrence, and thematic evolution.The results reveal a steady increase in research output, with a marked rise in publications in recent years, and show that the literature is primarily organized around green and biogenic synthesis methods, toxicity and safety evaluation, and immune-related functional applications.Research activity is largely concentrated in Asia, particularly in China and India.Overall, this study provides a clear overview of the evolving research landscape and offers bibliometric insights to help guide future research and support the responsible development of nanoparticle-based immunostimulants in aquaculture.