Through a combination of aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM and the EELS at the atomic level, it is found that added La in CaCu3Ti4O12 is selectively substituted for Ca, rather than Cu. The present study suggests that imaging based on STEM combined with EELS can be utilized as a powerful tool that reveals the atomic-level distribution of cation dopants in complex oxides.
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Choi et al. (2008) studied this question.
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