A uniform electric field is generated by particles trapped by an electromagnetic wave in a transverse static magnetic field B 0 . The direction of the field is opposite to that of the accelerating electric field near the magnetic neutral sheet created by both the magnetic field of the wave and the field B 0 . The uniform field increases as time elapses and works to cancel out the accelerating electric field. The energy of the trapped particles saturates and the maximum energy gain is derived as a result. Whereas, a uniform magnetic field is not generated and the trapped particles continue to be trapped near the neutral sheet. A longitudinal electric field is also generated by the trapped particles and works to spread out the trapped particles.
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Takeuchi et al. (1990) studied this question.
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