Gemological Characteristics of Aquamarine from the Gilgit-Baltistan of Northern Areas, Pakistan

???? ?? Gilgit-Baltistan?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? XRF, ICP-AES, XRD, FT-IR, Raman ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? Mn? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ? H2OH2O ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???, ???, ??, ?????? ??? H2OH2O ??-II? ??? ??-I? ? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??-II? ?? ?????. ?? Na2ONa2O ??? ?? ??? ?? 0.137 wt%?? ? ??? Schmetzer? Kiefert (1990)? ???? ???? ??? FT-IR ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ? Na2ONa2O ??? 0.06-0.4 wt%????? ? Na2ONa2O ??? ? ???? ?? ???? ?? II? ?? III ??? ????? ?? ? Na? ?? H2O−Na−H2OH2O−Na−H2O ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????. applied gemological analytical approaches on Aquamarine from the Gilgit-Baltistan of Northern Areas, Pakistan. The standard gemological testing indicates that they are consistent with general characteristics of natural aquamarines. We have identified the inclusions of Tantalite-Mn by Raman analysis. It indicates that they occurs in association with the veins of Be-rich coarse pegmatite. And the results of chemical analyses, infrared absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy indicate that H2OH2O molecules in channel mostly exist in Type-I and a little Type-II with low alkali ion. The comparison of relative peak intensity of FT-IR analysis can be used for prediction of Na2ONa2O content within not only emerald but also aquamarine.