Diffusion of GIS technology in Botswana: Process and determinants

Computerised technology and geographical information systems (GIS) are increasingly used in developing countries. International aid organisations have been instrumental in providing initial financial and technical support for the introduction of GIS technology. However, the diffusion of this technology is fraught with the same problems as are associated with the transfer of computerised technology in general. In this paper we review the process and determinants of GIS diffusion in developing countries. Botswana is used as a case study to examine the extent and types of GIS applications in the government sector. The discussion is framed around five infrastructural components necessary for GIS diffusion (for example, personnel, data, technology, organisations/institutions, and finance) and has regard to contextual and management factors. We present the evolution of GIS use in Botswana over the past 20 years and identify the factors that affect the use of GIS technology and the efforts to coordinate GIS at t...