The dependence of metal resistivity on temperature results in a large variation of resistivity inside the welding pool. This affects the current flow pattern in the plate: current flows predominantly in the direction of arc movement in order to meet cold, well conducting metal. It is shown that arc movement and current asymmetry give rise to the electromagnetic (Lorentz) force acting at the welding pool in the forward direction. At high arc speeds the value of this force approaches the value of force pressing the pool down.
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Valerian Nemchinsky (1996) studied this question.
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