Cutaneous sarcoidosis following complete remission of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report and literature review

Sarcoidosis is a multi-systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Its association with lymphoproliferative disorders is termed sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome, which is typically characterized by sarcoidosis preceding lymphoma. However, the development of sarcoidosis after lymphoma remission is rare. A 72-year-old woman with a history of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, treated 11 years earlier, was admitted with a rash and weakness in the lower limbs. Multiple inflammatory lesions, predominantly in the lower limbs, were detected using computed tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and a diagnosis of systemic sarcoidosis was established via biopsies of the skin lesion. We reviewed 11 cases of sarcoidosis with cutaneous manifestations after lymphoma treatment, including the present case. In addition, we emphasized the importance of considering cutaneous sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis of post-treatment skin lesions alongside lymphoma recurrence, as well as the need for histopathological confirmation.