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Fiber-optic evanescent wave FTIR spectroscopy was combined with phase imaging AFM to examine two thermosetting polymer matrix composite systems. The epoxy/NMA system data from the fiber-optic, evanescent wave FTIR analysis showed incomplete curing (∼75% complete) in the region near the fiber, but essentially complete (∼95% complete) curing in the bulk. Conversely, the unsaturated polyester system exhibited essentially complete curing (∼95% complete) both near the fiber and in the bulk material. For the same samples, phase imaging AFM indicated that the epoxy/NMA system had an ∼2.5 micron thick interphase, while the unsaturated polyester system showed no interphase between the fiber and the matrix. Therefore, the presence of the interphase in the epoxy/NMA system can be attributed to the incomplete curing next to the fiber. In addition, the systems chosen allowed the reactivity of adsorbed γ-APS coupling agent to be assessed simultaneously with polymer curing. For the epoxy/NMA system, the amine band decreased about 54% during curing. For the polyester system, the amine band decreased 43% during curing.
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Cross et al. (2002) studied this question.
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