Involvement of Homeobox Genes in Mammalian Sexual Development

In eutherian mammals, sexual development hinges on the differentiation of the gonadal primordia into either testes or ovaries, in turn determined by the activity of the Y-linked gene Sry. Organogenesis of the gonads requires input from a complex network of morphogenetic signals, many of which are still uncharacterised. Homeobox genes are known to play important roles in embryo morphogenesis and organogenesis in a number of systems. Here, we review current data relating to possible roles of the extended homeobox gene family on gonad development, sex-specific morphogenesis and gametogenesis, and speculate that these genes may play a broader role in these processes than is currently suspected.