The effective potential method is proposed in the path integral Monte Carlo calculation for many-body system interacting with two-body potential. This method is formulated for bosons, fermions and distinguishable particles. There are three types of effective potentials in accordance with statistics of particles. This is applied to liquid 4 He at the density 0.03626 mol/cm 3 and λ transition is reproduced in path-integral Monte Carlo calculation. Calculated energy coincides with thermodynamic data of 4 He within the error of 1.0 K per atom.
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Minoru Takahashi (1986) studied this question.
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