The negative sign problem is a serious difficulty with most existing Monte Carlo methods of evaluating fermion systems of greater than one-dimension because it makes the computation of physical variables practically impossible. A simple and general averaging method is proposed for many-fermion systems. This method is completely free of the negative sign problem. The efficiency and convergence are verified in the Feynman's path integral calculations of a few simple models.
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Masatoshi Imada (1984) studied this question.
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