A closed-loop engineering framework for rapid development of unmanned maritime systems using integrated digital and additive technologies

This study proposes a closed-loop engineering framework for the rapid development of unmanned maritime systems under constraints requiring high adaptability, short deployment cycles, and robust system integration. The framework integrates 3D scanning, point cloud processing, reverse engineering, digital optimization, additive manufacturing, and sensor integration within a unified, feedback-driven workflow.,The main contribution is the transformation of conventional sequential engineering processes into a tightly coupled cyber-physical workflow, enabling continuous interaction between digital models and physical prototypes. This allows iterative refinement based on geometric and functional feedback, improving design accuracy and system performance.,The framework is validated through two case studies: an unmanned aerial platform and a modular coastal monitoring system. Experimental results demonstrate a reduction in development time of 30–50%, compared to conventional linear workflows, geometric deviations within 0.5–1.5 mm, and a decrease in redesign iterations of up to 40%.,The results confirm improved efficiency, adaptability, and integration capability. The proposed approach provides a scalable methodology applicable to maritime engineering and related domains requiring rapid prototyping and high system reliability.