Organic Semiconductors: Exploring Principles and Advancements in OPV and OLED - A Review

This paper aims to recap the relatively new yet revolutionizing novel organic material technology that is changing everyday life electronic applications. The primary objective of this review paper is to introduce this novel technology to new researchers, starting from the basics of differentiation between inorganic and organic semiconductors, working principles, and underlying fundamental theories like exciton theory, bandgap theory, electron spin theory, their applications and challenges. This will give the much-needed lead to the new researchers to pursue further work in this field. On the application aspect, this review focuses on Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) and Organic Solar Cells in detail, from a brief historical outlook, developments, and discussions on the newest technologies along with their challenges and future potentials. More emphasis is given to organic solar cells since they address the wide issue of climate change and global warming. With this review paper, one can accumulate wide knowledge on organic semiconductors and their applications and can couple their research interest with the lead given by this paper to make their contribution in this particular domain, holding massive future potential. To summarize, this paper reviews in detail the basics of organic semiconductors, fundamental working principles and applications, comparing and compiling different research works to highlight the pain points and future research areas.