Wound care—Part II: Tissue-engineered skin substitutes and other advanced wound therapies

Biological products, including tissue-engineered skin tissue and growth factors, have become important treatment options for wound repair and regeneration. Tissue-based products include components that replicate the properties of normal human skin, such as fibroblast and keratinocyte cell culture, to promote healing and remodeling. These products can generally be categorized as epidermal, dermal, or composite skin replacements, and more recently as cellular, acellular, and matrix-like products (CAMPs). Selection is based on wound type, location, dimension, presence of undermining, and condition of the periwound skin. Despite multiple studies on cost-effectiveness, drawbacks to tissue-based products and advanced wound therapies include high cost, limited access, short shelf-life, specific storage requirements, and restricted indications. This review provides a summary of the indications and limitations of the types of CAMPs and biomaterials available for the treatment of wounds.